2008年4月4日 星期五
雜阿含 1326經, 西遊記通天河的故事--1
《雜阿含603經》:如是我聞,一時佛住舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。時有天子容色絕妙,於後夜時來詣佛所,稽首佛足,退坐一面,身諸光明遍照祇樹給孤獨園。時彼天子說偈問佛:「云何度諸流?云何度大海?云何能捨苦?云何得清淨?」爾時世尊即說偈言:「信能度諸流,不放逸度海﹔精進能除苦,智慧得清淨。」時彼天子復說偈言:「久見婆羅門,逮得般涅槃﹔一切怖已過,永超世恩愛。」時彼天子聞佛所說,歡喜隨喜,稽首佛足,即沒不現。
這部經有一個篇幅較長的版本 《雜阿含1326經》,而且熱鬧得很,我們有相當多部對應經典,如《雜阿含1326經》,《SN 10.12》,《經集》第一品蛇品第十章,《增一阿含 24.2經》,《別譯雜阿含 325經》。
《雜阿含1326經》如是我聞,一時佛在摩竭提國人間遊行,到阿葛鬼住處 夜宿。時阿葛鬼集會諸鬼神。時有竭曇鬼見世尊在阿葛鬼住處夜宿,見已,至阿葛鬼所語阿葛鬼言:「聚落主,汝獲大利,如來宿汝住處。」阿葛鬼言:「生人今日 在我舍住耶?今當令知為是如來?為非如來?」時阿葛鬼諸鬼神聚會畢,還歸自家,語世尊曰:「出去,沙門。」爾時世尊以他家故,即出其舍。阿葛鬼復言:「沙 門,來入。」佛即還入,以滅慢故。如是再三。時阿葛鬼第四復語世尊言:「沙門,出去。」爾時世尊語阿葛鬼言:「聚落主,已三見請,今不復出。」阿葛鬼言: 「今問沙門,沙門答我。能令我喜者善,不能令我喜者,我當壞其心,裂其胸,亦令熱血從其面出,執持兩手擲著恒水彼岸。」世尊告言:「聚落主,我不見諸天、 魔、梵、沙門、婆羅門、天神、世人有能壞我心,裂我胸,令我熱血從面而出,執持兩手擲著恒水彼岸者。然聚落主,汝今但問,當為汝說,令汝心喜。」
時阿葛鬼說偈問佛:「說何等名為,勝士夫事物﹔行於何等法,得安樂果報﹔何等為美味,云何壽中勝。」爾時世尊說偈答言:「淨信為最勝,士夫之事物﹔行法得樂果,解脫味中上﹔智慧除老死,是為壽中勝。」
時阿葛鬼復說偈言:「云何得名稱,如上所說偈。」爾時世尊說偈答言:「持戒名稱流,如上所說偈。」
時阿葛鬼復說偈言:「幾法起世間,幾法相順可﹔世幾法取受,世幾法損減。」爾時。世尊以偈答言:「世六法等起,六法相順可﹔世六法取受,世六法損減。」
阿葛鬼復說偈問佛:「誰能度諸流,晝夜勤方便﹔無攀無住處,孰能不沈沒。」爾時世尊說偈答言:「一切戒具足,智慧善正受﹔正念內思惟, 能度難度流﹔不樂於五欲,亦超度色愛﹔無攀無住處,是能不沒溺。」時阿葛鬼復說偈問佛:「以何法度流?以何度大海?以何捨離苦?以何得清淨?」爾時世尊說 偈答言:「以信度河流,不放逸度海﹔精進能除苦,以慧得清淨﹔汝當更問餘,沙門梵志法﹔其法無有過,真諦施調伏。」
時阿葛鬼復說偈問佛:「何煩更問餘,沙門梵志法﹔即曰最勝士,以顯大法炬﹔於彼竭曇摩,常當報其恩﹔告我等正覺,無上導御師﹔我即日當行,從村而至村﹔親侍等正覺,聽受所說法。」佛說此經已,阿葛鬼歡喜隨喜,作禮而去。
《SN 10.12》如是我聞,一時佛在阿臘毗,住夜叉阿臘毗的巢穴。爾時阿臘毗走向世尊,對世尊說:[出去,沙門。] 世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走出其家舍。阿臘毗又說:[沙門,進來。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走入其家舍。第二次阿臘毗又對世尊說:[出去,沙 門。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走出其家舍。阿臘毗又說:[沙門,進來。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走入其家舍。第二次阿臘毗又對世尊說:[出 去,沙門。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走出其家舍。阿臘毗又說:[沙門,進來。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走入其家舍。第四次阿臘毗又對世尊說: [出去,沙門。]世尊說:[我不再出去,聚落主,你想要怎麼做,隨你意。]阿臘毗說:[我問你一個問題,如果你無法回答我,我將擊毀你的心志,撕裂你的心 臟,抓住你的兩腳把你擲過恒河彼岸。]世尊告言:[聚落主,在這世間我不見有任何有情,包括諸天的魔、梵,人間的沙門、婆羅門、天、人﹔有能擊毀我的心 志,撕裂我的心臟,抓住我的兩腳把我擲過恒河彼岸者。雖然如此,就問你想問的問題吧。]
[註一]於是阿臘毗就以偈問佛:[(偈頌數字編號仍然以『經集』編號為主)
181 What here is a man’s best treasure? What practiced well brings happiness? What is really the sweetest of tastes? How lives the one who they say lives best? 什麼是這世間一個人的最佳財富?如何行事會帶來幸福?什麼是最佳的美味?如何生活是最佳的生活?說何等名為,勝士夫事物﹔行於何等法,得安樂果報﹔何等為美味,云何壽中勝。
182 Faith is here a man’s best treasure, Dhamma practiced well brings happiness. Truth is really the sweetest of tastes. One living by wisdom they say lives best. [註二] 信心是這世間一個人的最佳財富,法行會帶來幸福。真諦是最佳的美味,依智慧生活是最佳的生活方式。 淨信為最勝,士夫之事物﹔行法得樂果,解脫味中上﹔智慧除老死,是為壽中勝。
183 How does one cross over the flood? How does one cross the rugged sea? How does one overcome suffering? How is one purified? 如何渡過瀑流?如何渡過狂風暴雨的海洋?如何克服苦難?如何純淨自己? [云何度諸流?云何度大海?云何能捨苦?云何得清淨?]
184 By faith one crosses over the flood, by diligence the rugged sea, by energy one overcomes suffering. By wisdom one is purified.[註三]信能渡過瀑流,不放逸能渡過狂風暴雨的海洋,精進能克服苦難,智慧能純淨自己。 信能度諸流,不放逸度海﹔精進能除苦,智慧得清淨。
185 How does one obtain wisdom? How does one find wealth? How does one achieve acclaim? How bind friends to oneself? When passing from this world to the next, how does one not sorrow? 如何得到智慧?如何得到財富?如何得到名聲?如何擁有朋友?離開這個世界到下個世界,如何才不會悲傷?
186 Placing faith in the Dhamma of the arahants for the attainment of Nibbana, From desire to learn one gains wisdom if one is diligent and astute.對阿羅漢導致涅槃的法具信心,多聞、不放逸與保持敏銳獲得智慧。[註四]
187 Doing what is proper, dutiful; one with initiative finds wealth. By truthfulness one wins acclaim; giving, one binds friends, that is how one does not sorrow when passing from this world to the next.[註五]堅忍、有毅力、努力不懈的人,得到財富﹔誠實得到名聲﹔慷慨樂施贏得朋友,這樣就可以在離開這個世界到下個世界實,才不會悲傷。
188 The faithful seeker of the household life in whom dwell these four qualities: Truth, Dhamma, steadfastness, generosity, does not sorrow when he passed on.正信的在家弟子有此四種德行就不會在臨終時憂傷:真實、法、堅定不移、布施。
189 Come now, ask others as well, the many ascetics and brahmans, whether there is found here anything better than truth, self-control, generosity, and patience.[註六]來,現在去問眾多的沙門、婆羅門是否有比『真實、法、堅定不移、布施』更好法。汝當更問餘,沙門梵志法﹔其法無有過,真諦施調伏。
190 Why now should I ask this question of the many ascetics and brahmans? Today I have understood the good pertaining to the future life.我為何還須問其他眾多的沙門、婆羅門?我自己已經知道生活未來的目標。 何煩更問餘,沙門梵志法﹔即曰最勝士,以顯大法炬。
191 Indeed, for my sake the Buddha came to reside at Alavi. Today I have understood where a gift bears great fruit.確實,如來到阿臘毗來讓我獲得大利益﹔現在我知道這樣的禮物帶來善果。 於彼竭曇摩,常當報其恩﹔告我等正覺,無上導御師﹔
192 I myself will travel about from village to village, town to town, paying homage to the Enlightened One and to the excellence of the Dhamma.
我將從村至村、從城至城遊行,皈依世尊及佛法。
《經集第一品第十章》如 是我聞,一時佛在阿臘毗,住夜叉阿臘毗的巢穴。爾時阿臘毗走向世尊,對世尊說:[出去,沙門。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走出其家舍。阿臘毗又說: [沙門,進來。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走入其家舍。第二次阿臘毗又對世尊說:[出去,沙門。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走出其家舍。阿臘毗又 說:[沙門,進來。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走入其家舍。第二次阿臘毗又對世尊說:[出去,沙門。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走出其家舍。阿臘 毗又說:[沙門,進來。]世尊說:[是的,聚落主。]就走入其家舍。第四次阿臘毗又對世尊說:[出去,沙門。]世尊說:[我不再出去,聚落主,你想要怎麼 做,隨你意。]阿臘毗說:[我問你一個問題,如果你無法回答我,我將擊毀你的心志,撕裂你的心臟,抓住你的兩腳把你擲過恒河彼岸。]世尊告言:[聚落主, 在這世間我不見有任何有情,包括諸天的魔、梵,人間的沙門、婆羅門、天、人﹔有能擊毀我的心志,撕裂我的心臟,抓住我的兩腳把我擲過恒河彼岸者。雖然如 此,就問你想問的問題吧。]於是阿臘毗就以偈問佛:Thus have I heard, once the Blessed One was staying at Alavi, in the haunt of the yakkha Alavaka. Then the yakkha Alavaka approached the Blessed One and said to him: ”Get out, ascetic!” ”All right, friend,” the Blessed One said, and he went out. ”Come in, ascetic.” ”All right, friend,” the Blessed One said, and he went in. A second time the yakkha Alavaka said this to the Blessed One, ”Get out, ascetic.” ”All right, friend,” the Blessed One said, and he went out. ”Come in, ascetic.” ”All right, friend,” the Blessed One said, and he went in. A third time the yakkha Alavaka said to the Blessed One, ”Get out, ascetic.” ”All right, friend,” the Blessed One said, and he went out. ”Come in, ascetic.” ”All right, friend,” the Blessed One said, and he went in. A fourth time the yakkha Alavaka said to the Blessed One, ”Get out, ascetic.” ” I won’t go out, friend. Do whatever you have to do” “I shall ask you a question, ascetic. If you won’t answer me, I shall drive you insane or I ‘ll spilt your heart or I’ll grab you by the feet and hurl you across the Ganges.” “I do not see anyone in this world, friend, with its devas, Mara and Brahma, in this generation with its ascetics and brahmins, its devas and humans, who could drive me insane or spilt my heart or grab me by the feet and hurl me across the Ganges. But ask whatever you want, friend.”
181 What in this world is the best wealth for a man? What when well practiced brings happiness? What indeed is the sweetest of flavors? Living in what way do they say one’s life is best? 什麼是這世間一個人的最佳財富?如何行事會帶來幸福?什麼是最佳的美味?如何生活是最佳的生活?說何等名為,勝士夫事物﹔行於何等法,得安樂果報﹔何等為美味,云何壽中勝。
182 Faith is the best wealth for a man in this world. Righteousness when well practiced brings happiness. Truth is the sweetest of flavors. They say the life of one living by wisdom is best. 信心是這世間一個人的最佳財富,行事正直會帶來幸福。真理是最佳的美味,依智慧生活是最佳的生活方式。淨信為最勝,士夫之事物﹔行法得樂果,解脫味中上﹔智慧除老死,是為壽中勝。
183 How does one cross the flood? How does one cross the ocean? How does one go beyond misery? How is one purified? 如何渡過瀑流?如何渡過海洋?如何克服苦難?如何純淨自己?
184 By faith one crosses the flood, by vigilance the ocean, by energy one goes beyond misery. By wisdom one is purified. 信能渡過瀑流,警惕能渡過海洋,精進能超越苦難,智慧能純淨自己。
185 How does one obtain wisdom? How does one find wealth? How does one obtain fame? How does one bind friends (to oneself)? Having passed away from this world to the next world, how does one not grieve? 如何得到智慧?如何得到財富?如何得到名聲?如何擁有朋友?離開這個世界到下個世界,如何才不會悲傷?
186 Having faith in the doctrine of the arahats for the gaining of quenching, one obtains wisdom by willingness to hear, never being negligent, clever.對阿羅漢導致涅槃的法具信心,經由多聞、不放逸與聰敏獲得智慧。
187Doing what is fitting, bearing the yoke, exerting oneself one finds wealth. By truth one gains fame. Being generous binds friends (to oneself). 堅忍、有毅力、努力不懈的人,得到財富﹔誠實得到名聲﹔慷慨樂施贏得朋友,這樣就可以在離開這個世界到下個世界實,才不會悲傷。
188Whatever faithful house-seeker has these four things: truth, righteousness, firmness, generosity, he indeed does not grieve when he has passed away. 正信的在家弟子有此四種德行就不會在臨終時憂傷:真實、法、堅定不移、布施。
189Come now, ask others too, many ascetics and brahmans, if anything is found in this world greater than truth, (self-)control, generosity, and forbearance. 來,現在去問眾多的沙門、婆羅門是否有比『真實、法、堅定不移、布施』更好法。
190How now could I possibly ask many ascetics and brahmans? I now know what my future goal is. 我為何還須問其他眾多的沙門、婆羅門?我自己已經知道生活未來的目標。
191Truly for my sake the Buddha came to Alavi to stay. I now know where (a gift), when given, bears great fruit. 確實,如來到阿臘毗來讓我獲得大利益﹔現在我知道這樣的禮物帶來善果。
I shall wander from village to village, from city to city, revering the fully-enlightened one and the essential rightness of the doctrine. 我將從村至村、從城至城遊行,皈依世尊及佛法。我即日當行,從村而至村﹔親侍等正覺,聽受所說法。
《別譯雜阿含 325經》 「如是我聞,一時佛遊摩竭提國,往至於彼曠野夜叉所住之宮於夜止宿。時彼夜叉與諸夜叉餘處聚會不在己宮。時有夜叉名曰驢駒,見於如來在曠野宮宿,即往於彼 曠野鬼所,而語之言:「汝獲大利,如來至真等正覺在汝宮宿。」曠野答言:「彼人云何在我宮宿?」時驢駒夜叉復語之言:「雖是人類,實是如來至真等正覺。」 曠野復言:「汝審真實是如來至真等正覺,為非是耶?」爾時曠野聚會已訖還於己宮,既見佛已,而作是言:「出去,沙門。」如來爾時以彼住處故,隨語出。復語 佛言:「沙門,還入。」佛斷我慢,復隨語入。第二、第三,語佛出入,佛悉隨之。第四亦言:「沙門,出去。」佛言:「汝已三請,我於今者不為汝出。」曠野即 言:「我欲問難,汝若解釋,當聽汝坐。若不答我,當令汝心意倒錯,又破汝心使熱沸血從面而出,挽汝之膊擲置婆耆河岸。」佛言:「不見世間若天、若魔、若 梵、沙門、婆羅門有能以我如汝語者。汝欲問者,隨汝所問。」時曠野鬼即說偈言:「一切財寶中,何者最為勝?修行何善行,能招於樂報?於諸美味中,何者最為勝?於諸壽命中,何者壽命勝?]爾時世尊以偈答曰:「
於諸人中財,信財第一勝;修行於法者,能得於快樂;實語最美味,智慧壽命勝。」時曠野夜叉復說偈言:「誰渡於駛流?誰渡於大海?誰能捨離苦?誰得於清淨?」爾時世尊以偈答曰:「信能渡駛流,不放逸渡海;精進能離苦,智慧能清淨。」曠野夜叉復說偈言:「云何能得信,云何能得財;云何得名稱,云何得善友?」爾時世尊復以偈言:「阿羅漢得信,行法得涅槃;順行所應作,精勤能聚財;實語名遠聞,廣施得親友;汝可廣請問,沙門婆羅門;誰邊得實語,離我誰有法;九十六種道,汝觀察諦問;誰法有不害,能具調順者?」爾時曠野復說偈言:「何須更問彼,沙門婆羅門;大精進顯示,善分別說法;我今念汝恩,由汝示我故;令我今得見,無上大商主;我從於今日,隨所行來處,城邑及聚落,常當歸命佛,顯示於正法。」時曠野夜叉聞佛所說,歡喜踊躍,歸依三寶,并受禁戒為佛弟子」(CBETA,T02,no.100, p.482,c7-p.483,b4)
《增一阿含 24.2經》差異較大,留到最後再談。
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