法句經---49

yathā pi bhamaro pupphaṃ vaṇṇagandhaṃ aheṭhayaṃ

paleti rasamādāya evaṃ gāme munī care (巴利文)

Just like a bee leaves the flower, not hurting the color and smell,

having taken its juice, so should a wise man walk through the village.

如同蜜蜂採集花蜜，而不傷及花色與花香，

牟尼同樣地如此走過村落。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

以下引自渡邊照宏《談談佛教》，75-77頁。日文版 1967，中譯版 1978 「李君奭」翻譯，他是彰化人。這本書流通不廣，恐怕很難找到中譯本。

問題出在：耆那教也有同樣的詩頌(Dasavaikalika 第一章 2 & 3)

「譬如像蜜蜂，

能不傷害花，

從樹上的花吸取花蜜，

而感覺樂趣那樣，

解脫的出家人也與牠們一樣

在世間能行正道，

好像蜜蜂對花一樣，

歡歡喜喜地接受施食。」

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

Göttinger Universitäts- katalog收錄的Prakrit原文為:

謝謝 Guobing 的補充：
jahā dumassa pupphesu | bhamaro āviyai rasaṃ /
na ya pupphaṃ kilāmei | so ya pīṇei appayaṃ ||2||
emee samaṇā muttā | je loe santi sāhuṇo /
vihaṃgamā va pupphesu | dāṇa-bhattesaṇe rayā ||3||

A. 支謙譯北傳〔法句經〕第十二、華香品7頌。

B. 了參法師譯 譯自巴利文。

C. Thera Narada 英譯，錫蘭、那羅陀長老英譯自巴利文

D. 淨海法師譯

 

A. 《法句經》「如蜂集華，不嬈色香，但取味去，仁入聚然。」(CBETA, T04, no. 210, p. 563, b2-3)

B. 牟尼入村落，譬如蜂採華，不壞色與香，但取其蜜去。

C. As a bee without harming the flower, its colour or scent, flies away, collecting only the honey, even so should the sage wander in the village.

D. 如蜜蜂採花，但取甘味去，不損色美和香味，聖者入村落也一樣。

以下漢譯經文引自 Devasanti 部落格《經與註》：

http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/devasanti-santi/article?mid=149&prev=151&next=146&l=f&fid=15

2. 《出曜經》卷19：「如蜂集華，不擾色香，但取味去，仁入聚然」[1]T04, 709b

3. 《法集要頌經》卷2：「猶如蜂採華，不壞色與香，但取味飛去，苾芻入聚然」T04, 786a

4. 《增壹阿含經》卷44：「譬如蜂採華，其色甚香潔，以味惠施他，道士遊聚落」T02, 787a

5. 《彌沙塞五分戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘入聚落」T22,200a

6. 《五分戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採華，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘出聚然」T22, 206a

7. 《五分比丘尼戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘入聚落」T22,213c

8. 《摩訶僧祇律大比丘戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採華，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘入聚落」T22, 555c

9. 《摩訶僧祇比丘尼戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採華，不壞色與香，但取其味法，比丘入聚落」T22, 564c

10. 《四分律比丘戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採華，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘入聚落」T22, 1022b

11. 《四分僧戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採華，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘入聚落」T22,1030a

12.《四分比丘尼戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘入聚落」T22,1040b

13.《十誦比丘波羅提木叉戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘入聚落」T23, 478c

14. 《十誦比丘尼波羅提木叉戒本》卷1：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，比丘入聚然」T23, 488a

15. 《根本說一切有部毘奈耶》卷50：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，苾芻入聚然」T23, 904c

16. 《根本說一切有部苾芻尼毘奈耶》卷20：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，尼入聚落然」T23, 1019c

17. 《根本說一切有部戒經》卷1：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，苾芻入聚然」T24, 507c

18. 《根本說一切有部苾芻尼戒經》卷1：「譬如蜂採花，不壞色與香，但取其味去，苾芻入聚然」T24, 517a

19. 《根本薩婆多部律攝》卷14：「譬如蜂採華，不壞色與香，但取其味去，苾芻入聚然」T24, 616a

20. 《解脫戒經》卷1：「譬如蜂採花，但取其香味，持至所住處，比丘入聚落」T24,659b

21. 《毘尼母經》卷6：「如蜂取花味，不壞其色香，仙人行世間，修善亦如是」T24,836b

22. 《佛所行讚》卷5：「譬如蜂採花，不壞其色香，比丘行乞食，勿傷彼信心」T04, 48b

24. 《佛本行經》卷7：「喻如眾蜂集，採花之精味，以時度施食，無壞人慈敬」T04,107c

《出曜經》卷19〈19 華品〉：「爾時世尊，為分越比丘而說斯偈，彼與食人與處求觀，見前人善色惡色若好若醜，見彼容姿熟視不離，見彼不端正者目不視之，聞彼香者以鼻嗅之，見彼穢者背而捨之，憶彼善色善香，還至房中晝夜思想。爾時世尊觀見比丘心各如是，佛告比丘：「汝等何不如蜂採華？但取味去不擾色香。汝比丘！善香惡香善色惡色若好若醜，何所加益？大家小家饒財貧賤，汝等如心便負彼人。如仁所行，何不如是行？」是故說，如蜂集華，不擾色香，但取味去，仁入聚然也。多作寶華，結步瑤琦者，如彼工巧華鬘弟子，多集眾華作華鬘，價以自存活。諸比丘見彼所行，便自造未曾有鬘，世尊說：「各造華鬘，汝等如是。正是行時，造無數行乃得人身，何不作福德而自修習布施思惟教誡，精進修戒持淨梵行？」是故說『多作寶華，結步瑤琦，廣積德者，所生轉好』也。」(CBETA, T04, no. 212, p. 709, b8-24)

[9]也＋（多作寶華結步瑤琦廣積德者所生轉好）ノ四言四句アリ。[10]瑤琦＝搖奇【元】【明】＊。[11]價＝賣【宋】【元】【明】。[＊3-2]誡＝戒【宋】＊【元】＊【明】＊。

yathā pi bhamaro pupphaṃ vaṇṇagandhaṃ aheṭhayaṃ

paleti rasamādāya evaṃ gāme munī care

Sentence Translation:

Just like a bee leaves the flower, not hurting the color and smell,

having taken its juice, so should a wise man walk through the village.

Sentence Structure:

yathā pi bhamaro pupphaṃ vaṇṇa+gandhaṃ a+heṭhayaṃ |                |          |              |            |           |         |          |

Rel.Adv. conj.   N.m.        N.n.     N.m.    N.m.    neg.   Adj.n. |_________|     Nom.Sg.  Acc.Sg.      |      Acc.Sg.    |     Nom.Sg.

        |                  |              |             |______|         |______|
        |                  |              |__________|                     |
        |                  |                       |_________________|
        |                  |                                      |_________________________________
        |                  |_____________________________________|
        |__________________________|

paleti rasam ādāya evaṃ gāme munī care
|                     |         |         |          |             |              |
V.act.in.      N.m.  V.ger.  Adv.   N.m.      N.m.       V.act.
3.Sg.pres.  Acc.Sg.   |          |     Loc.Sg.  Nom.Sg.  3.Sg.opt.
|                    |_____|          |          |             |________|
|_____________|                |          |____________|
_______|                           |____________|
     |_________________________|

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Vocabulary and Grammar:

yathā, Rel.Adv.: just as.

pi, conj.: also, too.

bhamaro: bhamara-, N.m.: bee. Nom.Sg. = bhamaro.

pupphaṃ: puppha-, N.n.: flower. Acc.Sg. = pupphaṃ.

vaṇṇagandhaṃ: vaṇṇagandha-, N.m: color and smell. A compound of:

vaṇṇa-, N.m.: color.

gandha-, N.m.: smell.

Acc.Sg. = vaṇṇagandhaṃ.

aheṭhayaṃ: aheṭhayant-, Adj.: not hurting. It is a negated (by the negative prefix a-) word heṭhaya-, Adj.: hurting. This is an a.pr.p. of the verb heṭh- (to hurt, to injure, to make harm). Nom.Sg. = aheṭhayaṃ .

paleti, V.: leaves. It is a contracted form of the verb palāyati (same meaning). The verb root is palāy-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = paleti.

rasam: rasa-, N.m.: juice. Acc.Sg. = rasam.

ādāya, V.ger.: having taken. The verb root is dā- (to give), with the prefix ā- (from).

Thus ā-+ dā - (to take).

evaṃ, Adv.: so, thus.

gāme: gāma -, N.m.: village. Loc.Sg. = gāme.

munī: muni -, N.m.: a wise man. Nom.Sg. = muni. The form munī is sometimes used in poetry.

care, V.: should walk. The verb root is car- (to walk). 3.Sg.act.opt. = care.

========================================

This verse has two parenthetic sentences:
    1) yathā pi bhamaro pupphaṃ vaṇṇagandhaṃ aheṭhayaṃ (just like a bee leaves the flower, not hurting the color and smell, having taken its juice). The subject of this sentence is the noun bhamaro (bee, nominative singular) and there is also a clause vaṇṇagandhaṃ aheṭhayaṃ (not hurting the color and smell; accusative singular; and active present participle, nominative singular). The verb is paleti (leaves, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). There is a verbal clause, rasamādāya (having taken the juice; accusative singular; and gerundive). The object is the noun pupphaṃ (flower, accusative singular). The relative adverb yathā (just as), which forms a quite common phrase yathā pi (same meaning) with the conjunction pi (also), connects this sentence to the next one.

paleti rasamādāya evaṃ gāme munī care

    2) evaṃ gāme munī care (so should a wise man walk through the village). The subject is the noun munī (wise man, nominative singular) and the verb care (should walk, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). The object is the noun gāme (through the village, locative singular). The adverb evaṃ (thus, so) connects this sentence to the previous one.

---

Commentary:

    This verse talks about the practice of alms-rounds. The monks are supposed to obtain alms food from the people, going house from house and taking something here, something there, especially from those, who have a lot. Just like a bee takes the juice from the flower but does no harm to it, so the monks should get the food from the villagers, making no harm to them by taking too much from one family or from the poor families.

    The following story is associated with this verse.

    In one village there lived a very rich but very miserly couple. One day they made some pancakes, but because they did not want to share them with others, they made them secretly.

    The Buddha saw this and sent one of his chief disciples, Moggallāna to their house. He arrived there and stood by the door. They tried to make a very small pancake and give it to him. But no matter how they tried, a small amount of dough would fill in the whole pan. Then they tried to offer him one of their own pancakes, but they were unable to separate them. So they gave him the whole basket with all their pancakes.

    Moggallāna invited them to the monastery to see the Buddha. They offered the pancakes to the Buddha and the monks. The Buddha delivered a discourse on charity and both the husband and wife attained the first stage of Awakenment.