世尊問舍利弗,既然不知道過去與未來諸佛的智慧和體證,為何能宣稱現在世的釋迦牟尼比過去與未來諸佛和當代的沙門婆羅門殊勝?接下來,舍利弗列舉世尊教導、開示的教法,認為無人能及。這些「法要」在梵文《長阿含16經》Prasādanīya-sūtra《自歡喜經》結集成「內攝頌 uddāna」, 為:
saṃbodhikuśalāyatanaṃ pudgalā bhāṣyadarśanampratiprahāṇam ṛddhiś ca nivāsādeśanena ca •
śāśvatam cānuśāstiś ca ga(rbhā)vakrānti pudgalā
(puruṣaśīlaviśuddhim ādhicai)[299v2]tasikena ca •
論文作者 DiSimone 幫我們剖析如下:
1. saṃbodhi (DĀ 16.1 and DĀ 16.2 esp. but in every section) — Perfect awakening
2. kuśala-dharma-prajñapti (DĀ 16.3) — The classification of wholesome factors
3. āyatana-prajñapti (DĀ 16.4) — The classification of the sense spheres
4. pudgala-prajñapti (DĀ 16.5) — The classification of individuals
5. bhāṣya-samudācāratā (DĀ 16.6) — Conduct in speech
6. darśana-samāpatti (DĀ 16.7) — Attainments of discernment
7. pratipad (DĀ 16.8) –Practice
8. prahāṇa (DĀ 16.9) — Effort
9. ṛddhi-viṣaya-jñāna (DĀ 16.10) — Knowledge of the range of supernormal power
10. pūrva-nivāsānusmṛti-jñāna (DĀ 16.11) — Knowledge of the recollection of former states of existence
11. ādeśanā-vidhi — (DĀ 16.12) — The method of reading minds
12. śāśvata-vāditā (DĀ 16.13) — The doctrines of eternalism
13. anuśāsana-vidhi (DĀ 16.14) — The method of instruction
14. garbhāvakrānti (DĀ 16.15) — Descent into the womb
15. pudgala-vimukti-jñāna (DĀ 16.16) — Knowledge of the liberation of persons
16. puruṣa-śīla-viśuddhi-jñāna (DĀ 16.17) — Knowledge of the purity of the moral conduct of persons
17. ādhicaitasika (DĀ 16.18) — Higher mental states
-------
在此以巴利《長部28經》Sampasādanīya-sutta 《自歡喜經》的次序與對應的漢譯《長阿含18經》比較,附註的(DĀ 16)指的是梵文《長阿含16經》,這十七項「法要」呈現一些差異:
1. sambodhi (D III 99,1):《長阿含18經》卷12:「如來為我說法,轉高轉妙,說黑、白法,緣、無緣法,照、無照法,如來所說,轉高轉妙,我聞法已,知一一法,於法究竟,信如來、至真、等正覺,信如來法善可分別,信如來眾苦滅成就,諸善法中,此為最上。世尊智慧無餘,神通無餘」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 76, c21-26)。(DĀ 16.1 and DĀ 16.2)
2. kusala-dhamma (D III 102,10): 《長阿含18經》:「制法者,謂四念處、四正勤、四神足、四禪、五根、五力、七覺意、八賢聖道,是為無上制。」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 76, c28-p. 77, a1),制:paññatti, paṇṇatti. (DĀ 16.3)
3. āyatana-paññati (D III 102,23): 「謂制諸入。諸入者,謂眼色、耳聲、鼻香、舌味、身觸、意法」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 77, a4-5)。(DĀ 16.4)
4. gabbhāvakkanti (D III 103,3): 「謂識入胎。入胎者,一謂...,二者...,三者...,四者不亂入、不亂住、不亂出。」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 77, a11-15),(DĀ 16.15)
5. ādesana-vidhā (D III 103,20): 「觀察者,謂有沙門、婆羅門以想觀察,他心爾趣,此心爾趣,...觀察他心,而語彼言:『汝心如是,汝心如是。』如是觀察則為真實,是為四觀察。」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 77, c26-p. 78, a9)。 (DĀ 16.12)
6. dassana-samāpatti (D III 104,15): 「彼見定者,...二俱斷,二俱解脫,是為五見定。」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 77, b11-c1)。(DĀ 16.7)
7. puggala-paññati (D III 105,25): (DĀ 16.5)
8. padhāna (D III 105,31) — DĀ 16.9 (but content matches DĀ 16.8)
9. paṭipadā (D III 106,6) — DĀ 16.8 (but content matches DĀ 16.9)
10. bhassa-samācāra (D III 106,20): 「言清淨者,世尊於諸沙門、婆羅門,不說無益虛妄之言,言不求勝,亦不朋黨,所言柔和,不失時節,言不虛發,是為言清淨。」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 77, b6-9),
(DĀ 16.6)
11. purisa-sīla-samācāra (D III 106,26): 「戒清淨」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 78, a24),(DĀ 16.17)
12. anusāsana-vidhā (D III 107,7)– DĀ 16.14
13. para-puggala-vimutti-ñāṇa (D III 108,1) — DĀ 16.16
14. sassata-vāda (D III 108,20):「常法」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 77, c3-4),(DĀ 16.13)
15. pubbe-nivāsānussati-ṇāṇa (D III 110.24): 「自識宿命智證」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 78, b7),(DĀ 16.11)
16. cutūpapāta-ñāṇa (D III 111,15): 「天眼智」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 78, b17),No parallel with Sanskrit DĀ
17. iddhi-vidhā (D III 112,6): 「神足證」(CBETA, T01, no. 1, p. 78, b27),(DĀ 16.10)
18. abhicetasika (D III 113,16) — DĀ 16.18

沒有留言:
張貼留言