法句經---13

As a poorly covered house is penetrated by a rain,

如同屋頂蓋得不好的房舍被雨浸漏

thus an undeveloped mind is penetrated by passion.

如此，未修持的心被欲貪浸漏。

Yathā agāraṃ ducchannaṃ,

vuṭṭhī samativijjhati,

evaṃ abhāvitaṃ cittaṃ,

rāgo samativijjhati.(PTS)

 

A. 支謙《法句經》卷1〈9 雙要品〉：

「蓋屋不密，天雨則漏，意不惟行，淫泆為穿」

(CBETA, T04, no. 210, p. 562, b2-4)此處與《增一阿含18.7經》、《出曜經》所引不同，應是有兩種抄本。

B. 如蓋屋不密，必為雨漏浸，如是不修心，貪欲必漏入。

  (了參法師譯 譯自巴利經文)

C. Even as rain penetrates an ill-thatched house, so does lust penetrate an undeveloped mind.

(Thera Narada 英譯，錫蘭、那羅陀長老英譯自巴利文)

D. 葺草蓋屋粗陋，為雨浸漏，未修養的心，為貪欲穿透。（淨海法師譯）

巴利註釋書解釋，《法句經》13, 14 偈為世尊成等正覺不久的偈頌。

《增壹阿含18.7經》：「難陀對曰：『如是。』爾時難陀比丘尋隨此比丘至世尊所，頭面禮足，在一面坐。
是時，世尊告難陀曰：『云何，難陀！不樂修梵行，欲脫法衣，修白衣行乎？』
難陀對曰：『如是。世尊！』
世尊告曰：『何以故？難陀！』
難陀對曰：『欲心熾然，不能自禁。』
世尊告曰：『云何，難陀！汝非族姓子出家學道乎？』
難陀對曰：『如是。世尊！我是族姓子，以信牢固出家學道。』
世尊告曰：『汝族姓子！此非其宜，已捨家學道修清淨行。云何捨於正法而欲習穢污？難陀當知，有二法無厭足，若有人習此法者終無厭足。云何為二法？所謂婬欲及飲酒。是謂二法無厭足。若有人習此二法，終無厭足，緣此行果，亦不能得無為之處。是故，難陀！當念捨此二法，後必成無漏之報。汝今，難陀！善修梵行，趣道之果，靡不由之。』
爾時，世尊便說此偈：
『蓋屋不密，天雨則漏；人不惟行，漏淫怒癡。

蓋屋善密，天雨不漏；人能惟行，無淫怒癡。」」(CBETA, T02, no. 125, p. 591, b12-c3)

《出曜經》卷28〈32 心意品〉：

「蓋屋不密， 天雨則漏， 人不惟行， 漏婬怒癡。
猶若世人造作宮殿屋舍亦不至密，天雨之日無處不漏，人不正其行，便漏色聲香味細滑法，亦不思惟不淨之觀，漏出三毒暴溢之水，是故說曰，蓋屋不密，天雨則漏，人不惟行，漏婬怒癡也。盡應為偈略說其要，愚癡亦爾、瞋恚亦爾、慳嫉亦爾、憍慢亦爾、愛結亦爾。
蓋屋緻密， 天雨不漏， 人自惟行， 無婬怒癡。
猶如至密之人，造作宮殿屋舍緻密，天雨不漏，人自惟行，去婬怒癡不漏諸患盡。應為偈略說其要，愚癡亦爾、瞋恚亦爾、慳嫉亦爾、憍慢亦爾、愛結亦爾。」(CBETA, T04, no. 212, p. 759, c26-p. 760, a10)

《法集要頌經》卷4〈31 護心品〉：「

蓋屋若不密， 天雨則常漏，
人不思惟行， 恒歷婬怒癡。
蓋屋若不密， 天雨則常漏，
人自思惟行， 永無婬怒癡。」(CBETA, T04, no. 213, p. 795, b26-29)

yathā, Rel.Adv.: as, just like.

agāraṃ: agāra-, N.n.: house, home. Ac.Sg. = agāraṃ.

ducchannaṃ: ducchanna-, Adj.: badly covered. It is a p.p. of the verb chad- (channa) with the prefix du- (bad). Acc.Sg.n. = ducchannaṃ.

vuṭṭhi: vuṭṭhi-, N.f.: rain. Nom.Sg. = vuṭṭhi.

samativijjhati, V.: to penetrate. The verb vidh- (to pierce, to perforate) with prefixes sam- (altogether) and ati- (above, extremely). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = samativijjhati.

evaṃ, Adv.: thus

abhāvitaṃ: abhāvita-, Adj.: undeveloped. It is a p.p. of the verb bhāveti (to develop, to meditate) with the negative prefix a-. Acc.Sg.n. = abhāvitaṃ.

cittaṃ: citta-, N.n.: mind. Acc.Sg. = cittaṃ.

rāgo: rāga-, N.m.: passion. Nom.Sg. = rāgo.

Two lines of this verse form two sentences, which are both parts of one compound sentence.

    First one is yathā agāraṃ ducchannaṃ vuṭṭhi samativijjhati (as a poorly covered house is penetrated by a rain). Here the subject is vuṭṭhi (rain, nominative singular). The verb is samativijjhati (penetrates, 3rd person singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is agāraṃ (the house, accusative singular). This word has one attribute ducchannaṃ (poorly covered, accusative singular, it agrees with the main object). The relative clause yathā (like, as) connects this sentence to the following one (in a pattern yathā... - evaṃ...).

    The second part is evaṃ abhāvitaṃ cittaṃ rāgo samativijjhati (thus an undeveloped mind is penetrated by passion). The subject is rāgo (passion, nominative singular). The verb is samativijjhati (penetrates, 3rd person singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is cittaṃ (the mind, accusative singular). This word has one attribute -- abhāvitaṃ (undeveloped, accusative singular, it agrees with the main object). The adverb evaṃ (thus) connects this sentence to the previous one.

Commentary:

    A roof is the most important part of any house. If the roof is not well done, if we try to "cheat" and use cheap material of poor quality, we can be surprised when a strong rain comes. The roof will not be able to hold off the water and it will leak. Everything inside the house then becomes wet instantly - and after the rain we can start building again.

    In the same way, the mind is the most important part of the human being. If it is not "well developed", if we have not practiced meditation earnestly, it will also "leak". The passions, hatred and other stuff will enter our mind and make it difficult for us to purify our minds. After one such "rain" we can start "rebuilding" our mind again.